History of the Democratic Party Essay Example for Free

History of the Democratic Party EssayThe Democratic Party is one of the two major governmental parties in the United States. When this troupe makes political decisions, the Democratic Party followed a very liberal viewpoint. The Democratic Party is one of the oldest official political parties in the world and it is the oldest official political party in the United States. In 1792, Thomas Jefferson started the Democratic Party to oppose the Federalist Party to fight for the Bill of Rights. The Democratic Party was called the party of the common man. It was probably called this because it supported the normal citizens, like farmers and middle class people. Thomas Jefferson was elected as the first president from the Democratic Party in 1800. Jefferson served as president for two terms for the Democratic Party. Following this, in 1848, the Democratic National perpetration was formed by the National Convention. The Democratic National Committee exists, making it the longest stand ing political organization ever.The Democratic Party is recognized with serving the lower and middle classes by funding government programs such as Welfare and free or low cost medical insurance. This is an opposite belief of the Republican Party who believes in that no one should looking at a tax increase, especially the rich. Democratic parties typically rule large states such as New York and California. Since these are two states with a high outcome of electoral votes, the Democratic Party has an advantage in presidential elections, although despite that support, there have still been many Republican presidents voted into office.

Mississipi Burning Essay Example for Free

Mississipi Burning EssayThe blast, Mississippi Burning (1989) can be classified as a very useful source for a historian studying the Civil Rights Movement, however, there are a few noticeable limitations that could prevent the historian from gaining a full understanding of the true polish in the Southern States of America. The film thoroughly examines the role of the Klu Klux Klan and touches upon the role of the media. despite the useful information that is provided throughout the film, there are certain flaws that limit the historian from gaining knowledge on the true nature of Southern Americans. In the 1950s the emergence of the Civil Rights Movement triggered the Klu Klux Klan organisations to ramp up their terrorisation of the African Americans. The around significant of these was the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan led by Robert Shelton. In the Deep South considerable amounts of pressure were put on blacks by the Klan not to vote. An example of this was in the state of Mississippi. By 1960, 42% of the population was black but only 2% were registered to vote.Lynching was silence employed as a method of terrorising the local black population. (Klu Klux Klan, http//www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/USAkkk. htm) The film Mississippi Burning supports this information and displays some of the methods the Klu Klux Klan used to attack and threaten African Americans as well as those who supported integrating between blacks and whites. The media played a significant role in the Civil Rights Movement. People throughout the world were able to view significant events such as riots, marches and certain court cases.This meant that people became more aware of the extent of violence and injustice that was bestowed on African Americans, particularly in the small region towns in the Southern States. Actually viewing all this violence sparked even more rage amongst those who believed in the Civil Rights Movement. While the majority of White Americans still har bored racist views, many were horrified with the beatings, murders and separate brutalities exposed by the media. Many northern whites did not understand what was happening in the South. The new surfacing of telly delivered powerful images to the nations living room.Print media was important, but it was television coverage that played a major role in the changing of attitude towards the Civil Rights Movement. The film Mississippi Burning subtly but effectively touches upon the role of the media. Throughout the film, there are shots of cameramen filming significant events such as the search for the absentminded activists and the court case for their murder. This allowed viewers to get a sense of how much the media was used to in this era to help people around the world fetch aware of atrocities occurring in Southern America.Despite the valuable information, that supported other sources, in the film Mississippi Burning, there were various inaccuracies that could potentially mislea d a historian studying the Civil Rights Movement. To make the film more entertaining, it was clear that the producers of the movie were fairly biased towards the Southern Americans and portrayed them all as banger racists. In actual fact there were a number of residents in Mississippi who did accept the Civil Rights Movement and participated in marches and riots against those who refused to do so.another(prenominal) inaccuracy in the film was the way the detectives discovered Deputy Pell was guilty of participating in the murders of the Civil Rights Activists. In the film, Agent Anderson becomes relatively close with Mrs. Pell, Deputy Pells wife. He eventually manages to milk information out of her. In reality, Klu Klux Klan member, James Jordon, confessed to the FBI agents that he witnessed the murders and agreed to co-operate with the investigation.Mississippi Burning is in many ways a useful secondary source for a historian studying the Civil Rights movement. The Klu Klux Klan w ere heavily acknowledged in the film and their methods of terrorising African Americans were exceptionally realistic, supporting other sources about Southern American culture. The media was also touched upon throughout the film, providing evidence that the media played a large role in the acceptance of the Civil Rights Movement. Despite the small inaccuracies in the film to create a more entertaining storyline for viewers, the benefits of the information provided, outweigh the flaws.

Battle Of Sources: Newspaper Vs Internet

Battle Of Sources revolutionary-madespaper Vs InternetFor years, it started the day for millions the thump of the newsprint hitting the door, or the window, or the neighbors dog. Along with a loving cup of coffee, maybe breakfast, the arrival of the morning paper meant the beginning of the daily grind. Fast-forward to present day. The evening paper, long extinct in cities with larger circulations, is still alive in smaller towns that have no morning edition. The argument is, with the internet so avail commensurate to the masses, and, for the approximately part, providing free news, what is the future of the newspaper? Can it continue chthonic these circumstances, or is it doomed to extinction?The first know form of distributed written data began approximately five centuries ago in Europe. Merchants distributed newsletters written by wad containing information regarding the weather, economic conditions, wars and human-interest stories. In the late fifteenth century, brochures a nd pamphlets was distributed among the people, the material containing highly sensationalized stories and the current news events. (Newspaper The History)In the early 1800s the development of continuous rolls of paper compound the original Gutenberg Press. This added efficiency of printing made the prices of printed goods more reasonable hence the term penny press. This phrase originated when newspaperman Benjamin Day dropped the price of his New York Sun to a penny a copy in 1833. Historians have accredited the penny press as the first true mass medium. (The archeozoic History of Newspaper Publishing in New York State )The internet was originally built for the U.S. military to allow a community of computers to sh atomic number 18 information over distance. Its generally accepted that the goal of the internet in its later development was as much for research purposes as for military applications. (Internet Society (ISOC) wholly About The Internet History of the Internet)On Octobe r 29, 1969, at 1030 p.m., UCLA engineering professor Leonard Kleinrock and student Charley Kline attempted to send a message from i Honeywell computer to another computer unit 600 kilometers away at Stanford Research Institute in Palo Alto. The connection speed was 50 kb/s. (Internet Society (ISOC) all told About The Internet History of the Internet)The first message was supposed to be the word login, but the system crashed as they typed in the letter g. The first message, then, was lo. The researchers were able to complete the message one hour later. And so the ARPANET, the original name of the internet, was born. The term internet was not created until 1982.Rupert Murdoch CEO of The News Corporation into one of the largest and most influential media groups in the world described the revenue from his stable of newspapers as rivers of gold. But, said Murdoch several years later, sometimes rivers dry up. He also added if air and satellite broadcasting, as well as the internet, ha d come along first, newspapers as we know them probably would never have existed. (Plunkett)The increasing use of the internets search function, done search engines such as Google, has also qualifyingd the habits of readers. Instead of looking for general news events, much like how newspapers present the news, readers are seeking particular writers, blogs or sources of information for specific news, making the agglomeration of newspapers irrelevant. Power is shifting to the individual journalist from the news outlet with more people seeking out names through search, e-mail, blogs and social media, the industry publication Editor HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editor__PublisherHYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editor__Publisher Publisher noted in summarizing a recent study from the Project for Excellence in Journalism foundation. (Internet Overtakes Newspapers As News Outlet)In early days, the ability to distribute information was sorely restricted to big company with p rinting presses or broadcast mechanisms. With the internet, thousands of people are able to communicate directly with others through blogs or instant message services. But the search engine experience has left some newspaper proprietors cold. The aggregators and plagiarists go out soon have to pay a price for the co-opting of our content, Rupert Murdoch told the World Media Summit in Beijing, China. If we do not take advantage of the current movement toward compensable content, it will be the content creators the people in this hall who will pay the ultimate price and the content kleptomaniacs who triumph. (Internet Overtakes Newspapers As News Outlet)Critics of the newspaper as a news source argue that todays newspapers may be visually different from their predecessors a century ago, but they have made little change to adapt to social changes. The technology revolution has meant that readers accustomed to waiting for a daily newspaper can now receive up-to-the-minute updates fr om web portals, bloggers and new services such as Twitter. The expanding reach of broadband internet access means such updates have become the standard for many users. (Kamiya)The fall of the newspaper industry is not global. In some countries, such as India, the newspaper is still more popular than internet and broadcast media. Even where the industry is failing, in North America and Europe, there have been recent success stories, such as the rise of free newspapers, like papers targeted towards the Hispanic market, local hebdomadary shoppers. But these new ways of making profit, such as that from newspapers web sites, are often a fraction of the revenue generated by the previous advertisement- and circulation-driven revenue streams, and so newspapers have been forced to cut their expenses while simultaneously trying to reach new users. With revenues plummeting, many newspapers have forced to lay off employees, shortened news bureaus and journalists, while still trying to publish compelling content. (Kamiya)

The interactions between structure and agency

The inter exertions amid expression and situationHow does the work of Giddens help us to understand the interactions between organise and agency?Anthony Giddens has ferment one of the first few British amicable theorists in recent times to subscribe to an international reputation for his influential work on social supposition (Craib, 1992). According to Craib, the work of Giddens is very influential, not only because of its quantity but a kindred for the range of diametric ideas it brings together (Craib, 1992).In this essay, I willing discuss and critically analyse how the work of Giddens help us to understand the interactions between structure and agency. I will first outline and define what the name structure and agency mean, according to both classical theorists and Anthony Giddens.Structure can be specify as pattern of social relationships and a clay that identifies how these patterns go in the confederacy. In functionalism, Structure is a broad term defined by i ts function (Giddens, 1979). On the other hand, In Structuralism, structure is defined as more than explanatory in nature due to the element of transformations. The difference between structure and function is similar to the one between code and pith both ar dependants on each other (Giddens, 1979).Hence, both functionalism and morphologicism shargon overall characteristics between each other. The difference between structure and system is that structures are patterns of social relationships whereas system refers to the actual functioning of such relationships (Giddens, 1979).According to Giddens, structure is when the rules and resources are organised as properties of social systems. Whereas systems are reproduced relations between actors organised as social practices. Structuralisms are the conditions governing the duality of both structure and system for the imitation of social systems (Giddens, 1984).Giddens states that, structure direction a structural property providing the binding of time and space in social systems. These properties are the rules and resources for the reproduction of social systems.Thus, structure means the get a line of the following, firstly the knowledge, how things are to be done by social actors. Secondly, social practices which are used to gain that knowledge. And lastly, capabilities of these practices for example what they can change (Giddens, 1979).In social sciences, structural analysis involves the fill of Structutaion of social systems. Hence, rules and practices pull through in conjunction with one another.In a nutshell, we can say that, Structures are rules and resources, which are organised as properties of social systems. Whereas systems are reproduced relationships between actors organised as social practices. Structutaion are the conditions deciding the continuity or transformation of structures and systems (Giddens, 1979).Both functionalism and structuralism are very similar disdain their differences, they both express a naturalistic standpoint and hence they both prefer objectivism. Gidden argues that agents reproduce the conditions that make human social activities possible (Giddens, 1984).wave-particle duality of structure can be viewed in many ways, its a conformist way looking at structure, something which constrains action or even determines it. It is difficult to assume that structure and agency are the same thing, however they do nurse many similarities. According to Giddens, it is social practices which constitute us as actors (Gidden, 1984).Giddens argues that agency is the centre of sociological concern however the crucial feature of action is that it is not determined. Giddens claims that action is a continuous flow, a run whereby it cant be broken squander into reasons and motives. He argues that sort of it is a process in which we monitor and lop our daily actions (Turker, 1998).According to Giddens, agency involves a notion of practical consciousness, such as all t he things that we know as social actors, and hence must know to make social life happen. Giddens see the relationship between structure and agency as the duality of structure, whereby individuals reflexively produce and reproduce their social life (Turker, 1998).According to Giddens, agency is when an individual is able to observe his/her own experience and then be able to give reasons for their action. Agency should be identified with reasoning and knowledge (Turker, 1998).Giddens argues that we as actors know what we are doing, hence we are conscious of these things, we routinely rationalize what we do. Giddens argues that as individuals we can often give a rational account of what we are doing. Giddens states that a sense of routine is ask in order to have self security. For example, if your daily routine is broken you are more likely to feel insecure (Craib, 1992).Agency and Power, an agent (individual) is able to act or cast the outside homo or resist from such intervention. In other words, to be an agent means to be able to use range of daily (daily life) powers such as influential powers that may already be used or deployed by others (Giddens, 1984).Whereas, action depends upon the capability of those individuals to make a difference to a pre-existing state of affairs in the society. An agent doesnt exist anymore when he or she loses the capability to make a difference or in other words, when they lose power (Giddens, 1984).In terms of sociology, power can be defined as the will or capacity to achieve in demand(p) and intended outcomes. Giddens, agrees with Bachrach and Baratz when they classify two faces of power, which are, firstly the capability of individuals to influence decisions and secondly the mobilization of bias (Giddens, 1984).Giddens argues that the resources are the structured properties of social systems, taken and improved by knowledgeable agents or individuals in the society during their course of interaction. Giddens further goes o n to state that, power is not just connected to the achievement of the individuals interests. Power itself is not a resource resources are media through which power is exercised (Giddens, 1984).In social science, structure refers to the structuring properties allowing the binding of time-space in social systems (Giddens, 1984). It will not be right hand to call structures as rules and resources due to its opposite implications in philosophical literature. The difference between structure and rules is that rules are often connected with games but they are different in terms of social systems (Giddens, 1984). Rules are frequently treated in the singular hence rules cannot be separated from resources. However, on the other hand structural properties represent domination and power (Giddens, 1984).The Structutaion theory states that rules and resources used in the production and reproduction of social action are at the same time the means of system reproduction.Therefore, we can say th at a rule is more or less similarly to having a habit or routine (Giddens, 1984). Habit is a part of routine and have solid role in social life. Whereas, rules of social life are techniques or generalised procedures applied in reproduction of social practices (Giddens, 1984).Furthermore, formulated rules can be expressed such as bureaucratic rules, rules of games and so on. Knowledge of procedure of doing social military action is methodological (Giddens, 1984). As social actors, all human beings are highly knowledgeable in the production and reproduction of day to day activities. This knowledge is more practical quite an than theoretical in nature.On the other hand, what does intentional mean? According to Giddens it is an act carried out by an individual when he knows there will be particular outcome or quality of that act (Giddens, 1984). Hence, this knowledge of specific outcome is known to the individual when he starts pursuing that particular act. According to Giddens, the re is a difference between what is intended and what is done (Giddens, 1984).The consequences of what agents do, intentionally or unintentionally, are the events which could have not happened if the individuals had behaved differently (Giddens, 1984). The consequences play an important role in deciding what agent has done.Merton has claimed that the study of unintended consequences is very important in the sociological system. Every activity can have two functions, Non-Significant Consequences or any Significant Consequences (Giddens, 1984).Merton differentiates intentional activity from its unintended consequences. For example, if an individual is intending to turn the light switch on, he or she might face a consequence to foundation the alarm but not with an intention to call the police or to get caught by them and spend rest of his /her life in the jail. Here, the intentional activity was just to turn the light on however, due to unintended consequences (alarm being triggered) the outcome was different (Giddens, 1984).On the other hand, both Freud and Gidden claim that there are mini agents within the human agent. Freud states that these mini agents within the human agents decide their actions. These mini agents have been classified as id, ego and super ego. However, Gidden doesnt agree with Freud when he says it is ego (mini agent) within the human agents that decides their actions (Mestrovic, 1998).Here id or unconscious behaviour means the desires that these agents create within the mind of an individual (human agent) that is beyond rational idea and consciousness (Mestrovic, 1998).Freuds usage of unconsciousness was later replaced by Giddens terminology of unconscious motives. Freud referred things like sexual and violent urges to state of unconsciousness while Giddens simply defined unconsciousness as state of mind when human beings are not conscious of something or in other words they cannot express their feelings into words. This explanation was stipulation by Giddens without using any analysis from any other social theorists (Mestrovic, 1998).Gidden has stated that there should a democratic relationship between a erect and a unfledged child. For example, It is the right of the child, to be treated as equal to an adult. It needs to be justified when we say no you are too young to negotiate with children. However, it is difficult for an adult parent to make their child understand about sexual stereotypes without causing any emotional damage to the child (Mestrovic, 1998).The modernists consider culture should be blamed for this but the reality is that these children freely select what they like according to their own preferences. Because the rational abilities of the children are not fully create so they may react to culture in an emotional way. Hence, even critics have accepted Giddens viewpoint that sociology is the study of modern societies and overly recognise his significant contribution in the field of social theo ry (Mestrovic, 1998).On the other hand, Wittgensteinian Philosophy has only emphasized on action theory (nature of reasons or intentions) rather than structural explanation. They havent taken into consideration several other elements such as social change, power relations or conflicts in the society (Giddens, 1979). Furthermore, Durkheim argues that society and individuals have different characteristics and every person is born into an already constituted society. However, he failed to support this external or objective nature of the society in his writings (Giddens, 1979).According to Giddens, risk and cuss need to be analyzed together in late modernity. Giddens emphasis the fact that active trust is needed in todays society in order to form social solidarity and personal ties. For example, many people who are in relationships, spend much of their time away from each other living in different countries, hence active trust is needed for the relationship to continue. Trust has to b e won and actively continue for relationships to be successful. Giddens argues that in todays society we see that more women are now divorcing their marriage partners this then leads them to leading the household by themselves, which then leads to poverty (Giddens, in Beck et al, 1994).Giddens argues that society is produced and also reproduced through human action hence he rejects any view which states that society might have an existence over individuals (Craib, 1992). Duality of structure is linked to Structutaion, Gidden argues that society normally sees structure as a determining feature of social life, however this is not always the case (Craib, 1992).Gidden also takes the notion reflexivity very seriously, the way in which we represent our social world. In his work, Giddens talks about different types of knowledge, one of the knowledge Giddens mentions is the taken for given knowledge, which plays an important part in Giddens theory. In other words, this relates to ontologi cal security whereby an individual has a sense of the world and the people around him are more or less the same from day to day (Craib, 1992).Furthermore, Gidden states that reflexivity should not be understood only in terms of self consciousness, but also as the ongoing flow of social life (Giddens, 1984). According to Giddens actors are continuously monitoring their activities they monitor aspects both physically and socially. Gidden also states that human action can only be defined in terms of intension (Giddens, 1984).Gidden argues that we are incorrect to assume that societies are somehow continuous with geographical borders rather he believes that systems are more or less open and therefore cut across geographical boundaries (Craib, 1992).Gidden believes that faith is entirely based on trust and vice-versa. In fact, they are closely related to each other. However, he has been criticised by his fellow sociologist for putting too much emphasis on this. For example, human beings have to show faith in things such as religion, science, technology and even teachers notes (Mestrovic, 1998). If there was no faith in these social agents then this modern world would not be able to function properly. On the other hand, we also trust these politicians, scientists, teachers and various other social agents to build up the faith process (Mestrovic, 1998).Over one hundred articles have been published in scholarly journals on Anthony Giddens and his work and very few of them seriously challenged him. The most significant blame of Giddens concept of structutaion ignores the idea of culture. In the modern society, culture plays a vital role so it needs to be studied in detail. Gidden sometime speaks like a typical Politian rather then being a social theorist. For instance, at one point he talks about a democratic system in the society. Whereas on the other hand, he justifies that sometimes individual interest are different from the common minority groups.During his work o n Structuration theory, Giddens does not emphasis that much on the social environments influence on sociology. Gidden argues that social structures are both the condition and the outcome of peoples daily activities hence one cannot exist without the other. Giddens theory is very similar to Bourdieu like Bourdieu, Giddens states that social practices are hugely important to the ongoing reproduction of socities (Tucker, 1998).On the other hand, Nicos Mouzelis argues that Giddens in his book The report of society didnt give enough emphasise to the constraining effects of social structure. (Bryant and Jary, 2001). Though, Giddens replied back to his critic by Mouzelis and stated that Mouzelis critic was not justified in terms of the content of what he wrote (Bryant and Jary, 2001).Furthermore, throughout his work Giddens makes a great deal of the notion of time and space. Criab argues that Giddens deals with time and space on two different levels and unless they are clearly distinguish ed, his work is difficult to understand and confusing (Craib, 1992).In social theory, action and structure are inter-dependent (or are linked to each other) serve or agency is a continuous flow of conduct (regular series of acts). To study the structure of the society is like studying the anatomy of the organisms, where you have to study a number of small functions (Giddens, 1979).Furthermore, Giddens mentions that an understanding of action and structure is needed regardless of what problem one is seeking to analyse (Bryant and Jary, 2001). On the whole, Giddens provides us with present through examples and theories to show and help us understand the interaction between structure and agency.ANTHONY GIDDENS-THE LAST MODERNIST, By S G Mestrovic, Routedge (1998) The role of desire in agency and structureAnthony Giddens, 1984, The Constitution of Society, Cambridge Polity Press.Agency and Structure, Anthony Giddens (1979) Central Problems in sociable TheoryRisk, Trust, Reflexivity Gi ddens (In Beck et al, 1994)Reading 5 Craib , I (1992) Modern Social Theory Structutaion theory There is such a thing as society, there is no such thing as societyReading 6 The contemporary Giddens and Social theory in a Globalizing age (Bryant and Jary, 2001)Reading 7 Structutaion theory Craib, I (1992) Anthony GiddensAnthony Giddens, and Modern Social theory/ Tucker, Kenneth, London, Sage (1998) Structuration theory

Reflective Essay on Reality Shows

Reflective Essay on Reality ShowsReality Shows should be BannedThe main essence of earthly concern shows is to put quotidian people in a social confined setting with extraordinary environment and activities with the aim of entertaining audiences with the illusion that what is going on is not write nor rehearsed. Most earthly concern shows attempt to convince the audience that the musicians of the show are being pushed to their physical, emotional or physiological limits in order to complete a specific task or attain a certain goal of which audience cheer on their favorite participant. With the change in times and engineering to the highest degree reality shows drive gone over board and have forgotten the basic concept of reality shows and are now focusing more(prenominal) on entertainment than reality that has lead to increase in informal exposure, humiliation and immorality. Reality shows have lost their way from original series the likes of survivor to the naked mediocre series of cardinal celebrities living in a farm yard for a week. Reality TV has joined the ranks of solar day time entertainment and has lost the spark of automatic originality from other puddles of scripted entertainment.Additionally, the most famous reality shows worldwide are big brother and Idols these two are examples of scripted and well rehearsed reality shows. In the only concluded episode of idols a judge was dared to sing out of the blue and it so happened just by coincidence that the band started playing a song which the judge joined in emphatically without hesitation. The crowed cheered and applauded for the unexpected performance by the judge. Such reality T.V. shows give viewing audience and more so children false hope of a happily ever after reality were heroes and heroines live thus insulting the learning of the viewers.In the case of big brother viewers are subjected to sex as a form of entertainment. Relationships formed in the big brother preindication giv e the participant a better chance of winning the competition and increase his/her ratings thus the audience sp block ups time and money voting for the participant so they can enjoy seeing the participants relationship grow. And due to the full disclosure nature of the show all activities are broadcasted and shown live on our T.V. sets exposing and encouraging our youths, late adults and children to sex, immorality and promiscuous behaviors.Furthermore, the common comic saying its funny until someone gets hurt, then its hilarious accompanys to life in most reality shows. Producers of reality shows trespass on the demise and misfortunes of participants. When a contestant falls down or gets hurt in anyway it is taken as a form of entertainment or comedy not knowing the humiliation and psychological trauma they instill in the participant. Examples of much(prenominal) shows are show me the funny Real T.V. and timidity factor. Show me the funny capitalizes on bloopers of home made vi deos which show family member having accidents such as hitting each other being bitten by a snake or having a ball hit them on their faces. Turning such perilous or even fatal accidents to o form of humor encourages children to view violence and accidents as vivacious events and not the precarious activities they are. Producers also capitalize on the eviction or the inability of a participant to complete a certain assignment. The humiliation and reaction of a participant being evicted or accepting defeat is a high point of most reality T.V. which is morally and ethically wrong. The failure of a fellow human being should be frowned upon and not celebrated.The planned scripting and acting that happens in reality T.V. shows insults the viewers intelligence. A good example of this is the most popular TV show on the planet, the WWE wrestling. Such shows give the viewers the misapprehensions that what is going on is ad hoc, spontaneous and impulsive and yet they are not. The physical abus e that is entailed in the WWE wrestling show is unfeasible, ridiculous and impracticable. No human being can with stand such maltreatment and continue to show aggression to his opponent with full body strength. Majority of the audience know that such reality shows are scripted and turn over but to the young and young at heart, the level of belief and credence they have in reality shows is hazardous to their mental capability to distinguish true(p) violence from fictional performances. Such reality shows affect the social interactions of youths. They encourage violence as a form of entertainment and not the atrocious, offensive strike that it is. Such Reality shows have promoted violence in children which has consequently increased gang related bloodshed in America and violent behavior schools. though most violent reality shows try and warn the audience against performing their impractical physical fetes and aptitude, audiences cannot help but to try out what they see on T.V. and in turn end up hurting themselves and others in the process.Contrarily the banning of reality shows would give us false hope of protecting our children from the pestiferous aspect of sex and violence because it is not only in reality shows that our children are exposed to sex and violence, technology has made it possible for our children to access sexual contents and violent games and videos via the internet. Though banning reality shows would reduce the amount of sexual content they would be exposed to it would only pave way to new forms of sexual and violent entertainment which would conveniently reach our children. Reality TV shows are one but not the most sexually explicit forms of entertainment, so we should not elude our selves that banning reality television would solve the problem, it leave only reduce it for a some time, until other forms of explicit entertainment come along.Banning reality TV allow for be breaking of international laws. It would be an infringement of b asic rights, freedom of speech. Every and all human have the right to express themselves in a way they deem fit and so by banning reality TV show we would contravene with their republican right to convey their grievances and views. With this in mind it would be erroneous to ban the shows since most of the producers know their rights and follow them to the latter, this will convey the violation of these rights and hence it will be impracticable. The viewers too have the absolute right to watch these shows and amuse themselves banning these shows will create an international outcry from the viewers who get pleasure from these shows, it will also be in breach of the viewers rights.We should also take heart in the fact that most people will se right through scripted reality shows. We live in an informed world where information is at our finger tips. The shallow scripts and predictability of mediocre reality TV are clichs and with time audiences will distinguish between scripted premed itated and organized reality TV shows and the real thing. At the end of the day if a reality show does not appeal to your everyday life and situation then one should know that the show is scripted. More so with information and technology easy accessibility most viewers get to know the hollowness of reality TV shows and watch them primly for entertainment. This makes the banning of the shows extraneous and unimportant because to the viewers they are more or less a form of amusement.Finally we need to accept that reality shows have fallen from boon and are not what they used to be. We need to ask ourselves who is to blame, the producers who make the reality TV shows or we the audience who give the producers reason to dramatize reality in a sexually immoral way that that affect the behavior and morals of our young. If the producers made real reality shows that speak to the day to day events of our lives would we watch them with the selfsame(prenominal) interests we watch the current scripted shows? Would we still enjoy the true conflicts triumphs and struggles or are we already hooked to the soap opera type of reality TV that is being broadcasted through out the world/ are we our own worst victims, influencing the increase of sex violence and immorality that is reality TV shows? Or should we eluding the blame to those who produce the shows? If we didnt create a market for low quality TV productions would our children be exposed to such appalling entertainment range? The incredulity remains would it help if reality TV was banned?ReferencesMurray, S. Ouellete, L. (2008). Reality TV Remaking Television Culture.(2nd Ed). New York, NYU Press.

Herbert Spencer Essay -- essays research papers

Herbert SpencerThe most extreme reflection of nineteenth-century individualism is to be found in the encyclopedic system of Herbert Spencer (1820-1903). Both his paternal and maternal ancestors were of a long English and French nonconformists, dissenters and rebels, and Spencer traces in his "Autobiography" his "conspicuous disregard" of political, religious, and social authority to the tradition of independence and dissent so long care for by his family. Spencers education was informal, unconventional, and highly deficient in the more traditional studies of literature and history. His father encouraged his interest in the science and tecnology, and Spencer became an engineer. However, he practiced his profession for a few years, because he became increasingly interested in political economy, sociology, biology, and philosophy. He was a subeditor of The economist from 1848 to 1853, and then ventured into a full-time career as a free-lance author.As early as 1842 Spen cer contributed to the Nonconformist a series of letters called The Proper sports stadium of Government, his first study publication. It contains his political philosophy of extreme individualism and Laissez Faire, which was non much modified in his writings in the following sixty years. Spencer expresses in The Proper Sphere of Government his belief that "everything in nature has its laws," organic as well as inorganic matter. Man is subject to laws bot in his physical and spiritual essence, and "as with while individually, so with man socially." Concerning the evils of society, Spencer postulates a "self-adjusting principle" under which evils rectify themselves, provided that no one interferes with the inherent law of society.In discussing the functions of the state, Spencer is concerned with what the state should not do, rather than what it should do. Maintenance of order and administration of justice are the only two proper realms of government activi ty, and their purpose is "simply to defend the natural rights of man to protect person and property." The state has no business to promote religion, regulate trade and commerce, encourage colonization, aid the poor, or enforce sanitary laws. Spencer went even so far as to deny the state the right to wage war but as he says in his Autobiogra... ...yond the ethical sanction bestowed on it by the free consent of the citizens " The function of Liberalism in the past was that of putting a limit to the powers of the king. The functions of true Liberalism in the future will be that of putting a limit to the powers of parliaments."Spencers political ideas hardly changed between 1842, when he published his Proper Sphere of Government, and 1903, the year of his death. The constancy of his political thought in the verbalism of rapidly changing social and economic scene explains why the same ideas that were the last word in radical individualism in the eighteen-forties had bec ome the Jewish-Orthodox conservatism by 1900. And Spencers appeal to the English Liberals to return to their original individualism remained unheard, but he correctly foresaw that Conservatives would become the defenders of economic individualism. Spencer failed to see that the subject of the state intervention in the economy was essentially one of means and not of objectives, and that Laissez Faire could be progressive, dynamic, and revolutionary at one time early 19 century-, and conservative, stagnant, and sterile at another time late 19 century-.

Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens :: Great Expectations Essays

Great Expectations Charles DickensGreat expectations is a novel written by Charles Dickens. He wasinterested in bringing about change and his novels dealt with much(prenominal)topics as justice and punishment, the widening gap between the comfortableand poor and so on. He believed that the divisions between the classeshad produced a diseased and unhealthy society. During the Victoriansociety, women suffered umpteen disadvantages. Women were dependent onmen, unless they were rich. Women were expected to serve and obeytheir husbands. In this novel the main character is Ms. Havisham. MissHavisham is an eccentric wealthy old woman who lives in a manor kinspersonnear Pips village, who has isolated herself to take her revenge onmen because Compeyson, the bride groom who she is supposed to get get married left her on the day the marriage was fixed. This resulted inMs. Havishams isolation. With a kind of manic, obsessive cruelty,Miss Havisham adopts Estella and raises her as a weapon to achieve her consume revenge on men. She has raised Estella to be the instrument ofher revenge, training her to break mens hearts. Ms. Havisham calls onfor Pip, a little boy to play in her house. He is both the character,whose actions make up the main plot of the novel, and the narrator,whose thoughts and attitudes shape the readers perception of thestory. Pip meets Estella, the proud and haughty adopted daughter ofMiss Havisham. She delights in humiliating Pip, calling him a commonlaboring boy with coarse hands. She want to make Pip fall in chicane withEstella so that she can take her revenge. Ms. Havisham representsDickens view of woman who did not perfectly fulfil their female roleas well as the rich upper class who he saw as diseased. The way Ms.Havisham speaks and also the language used by Dickens gives the readera get in picture of her. The language used to describe her isexaggerated and unrealistic as this is the situation in which we findher in. This essay will explore wh ether this character is actuallyunrealistic or whether Dickens intends to show Ms. Havisham to beexaggerated for a certain reason.On Pips first visit to Ms. Havishams house, Satis house, heobserves a very old house which is barred. The house is made of oldbrick, and dismal, and had a great many iron bars to it. There was alarge brewery at the side of the house and it seemed that there was nobrewing going on there for a long time. The windows are all walled up.This gives the tender that the house has been isolated from the